What is kulchitsky cell?

The Kulchitsky cells, also known as enterochromaffin cells or EC cells, are specialized secretory cells located in the gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory tracts. These cells are responsible for producing and releasing various hormones, including serotonin, which helps regulate GI motility, and catecholamines, which play a role in bronchodilation.

Kulchitsky cells are named after the Ukrainian physiologist Vladimir Kulchitsky, who discovered them in 1888. They are scattered throughout the GI and respiratory tracts and are more concentrated in the ileum and colon of the GI tract. The cells are characterized by their distinctive granules that contain the hormones and neurotransmitters they produce.

The function of Kulchitsky cells is to regulate various physiological processes such as digestion, absorption, and immunity in the GI tract. In the respiratory tract, they help in the regulation of bronchial smooth muscle tone and the secretion of mucus.

Kulchitsky cells are also associated with the development and progression of carcinoid tumors, which are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from these cells. These tumors can produce various hormones and neurotransmitters, causing symptoms such as flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, and heart palpitations.

In summary, the Kulchitsky cells are specialized secretory cells that play an important role in regulating various physiological processes in the GI and respiratory tracts.